Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Sesquiterpenes-Rich Essential Oil of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn) J.J. De Wilde of Root Bark

Oluwakayode Olubunmi Odeja, Patricia A. Onocha, Ganiyat Kehinde Oloyede, Damola Ayoyerokun, Michael Gabriel Ibok, Ejike Onwudiegwu Okpala

Abstract


Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn) J.J. De Wilde (Meliaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ulcers, cough and inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. In this present study, the essential oil of T. monadelpha root bark was obtained by hydrodistillation using an all-glass Clevenger apparatus. The identification and characterisation were done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. We also, aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against ten micro-organisms using the Agar diffusion method and the free radical scavenging capacity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) methods. Twenty (20) different compounds made up the hydrodistilled essential oil, which made up 99.0% of the entire oil content.  Sesquiterpene compounds made up about 73.3% of the essential oil from the root bark of T. monadelpha, which was described as sesquiterpenes-rich. Sesquiterpenes' most abundant constituents include (E)-Longipinene (18%), 10s,11s-Himachala-3-(12),4-diene (15.26%), Aromadendrene (11.12%), Alloaromadendrene oxide-(1) (8.82%), and β-Caryophyllene (5.92%). The essential oil inhibited growth against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aerugunosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Salmonella typhi at concentrations of 200 mg/mL to 50 mg/mL with an inhibitory zone of 20 – 10 mm while the antioxidant analysis of the essential oil revealed low scavenging activity which reveals that the synthetic antioxidants were more effective with an Ascorbic acid; IC50 value of 1.47 mgmL-1, Butyl hydroxyanisole; 1.88 mgmL-1, α-Tocopherol; 4.83 mgmL-1 followed by the essential oil with an IC50 value of 9.95 mgmL-1. T. monadelpha root bark essential oil contains notable chemical compounds that are responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Keywords


2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH); Antimicrobial; Essential oil; Sesquiterpenes; Trichilia monadelpha

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbiw, D.K. (1990). Useful Plants of Ghana. Kew: Intermediate Technology Publications and the Royal Botanic Gardens.

Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oils by Trap Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Akihisa, T., Kojima, N., Kikuchi, T., Yasukawa, K., Tokuda, H., T Masters, E., Manosroi, A., & Manosroi, J. (2001). Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of oleo science, 59(6): 273-80.

Bako, S.P., Bakfur, M.J., John, I., & Bala, E.I. (2005). Ethnomedicinal and phytochemical profile of some savanna plant species in Nigeria. Int. J. Bot., 1 (2): 147-150.

Ben, I., Woode, E., Abotsi, W., & Boakye-Gyasi, E. (2013). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) JJ de Wilde (Meliaceae). Journal Med Biomed Sci., 2(2), 6-15.

Benvenuti, S., Pellati, F., Melegari, M., & Bertelli, D. (2004). Polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and radical scavenging activity of Rubus, Ribes, and Aronia. J. Food Sci., 69, 164-169.

Bonikowski, R., Świtakowska, P., & Kula, J. (2015). Synthesis, odour evaluation and antimicrobial activity of some geranyl acetone and nerolidol analogues, Flavour Frag. J., 30, 238-244.

Bray, T.M. (1999). Antioxidants and oxidative stress in health and diseases: Introduction. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, Med., 222, 195-195.

Dahham, S., Tabana, Y., Iqbal, M., Ahamed, M., Ezzat, M., Majid, A., & Majid, A. (2015). The anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene from the essential oil of Aquilaria crassna, Molecules, 20, 11808-11829.

Dos Santos, D.A., Fukui, M.J., Dhammika, N.N.P., Khan, S.I., Sousa, J.P., & Bastos, J.K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Baccharisdracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) in different experimental models. J Ethnopharmacol, 127,543–50.

Filipowicz, N., Kamiński, M., Kurlenda, J., Asztemborska M. & Ochocka, J. R. (2013). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of juniper berry oil and its selected components, Phytother. Res., 17, 227-231.

Gordien, A. Y., Gray, A. I., Franzblau, S. G, & Seidel, V. (2019). Antimycobacterial terpenoids from Juniperus communis L. (Cuppressaceae), J. Ethnopharmacol., 126, 500-505.

Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1990). Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human diseases: an overview. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 1-85.

Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C., & Cross, C.E. (1992). Free radicals antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now? Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 119, 598-620.

Hosseinimehr, S.J, Pourmorad, F., Shahabimajd, N., Shahrbandy, K., & Hosseinzadeh, R. (2007). In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polygonium hyrcanicum, Centaureae depressa, Sambus ebulus, Menthe spicata and Phytolaceae Americana. Pak J Biol Sci., 10: 637 – 640

Jayaprakasha, G.K., Jena, B.S., Negi, P.S., & Sakariah, K.K. (2002). Evaluation of antioxidant activities and antimutagenicity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin production, Zeitschriftfür Natur forschung C, 57(9-10): 828-835.

Joulain, D., & Konig, W.A. (1998). The atlas of Spectral Data of Sesquiterpenes Hydrocarbons. E.B-Verlag Hamburg, Germany.

Kalemba, D., & Kunicka, A. (2003). Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Curr. Med. Chem. 10; 813-829.

Kokate, C.K. (2014). A Textbook for Practical Pharmacognosy. 5th Ed., Vallabh Prakashan Publishers.

Lemmens R.H.M.J. (2008). “Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J J de Wilde”, In:Louppe D, Oteng-Amoako A A and Brink M(Eds.), Prota, 7(1): Timbers/Boisd’oeuvre 1 [CD-Rom], PROTA,Wageningen, Netherlands.

Liao, J.C., Tsai, J.C., Liu, C.Y., Huang, H.C., Wu, L.Y., & Peng, W.H. (2013). Antidepressant-like activity of turmerone in behavioral despair tests in mice, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(1), 299.

Lobo, V., Patil, A., Chandra, N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human, 2010.

Mao, L. J., Xie, X. Y., Gao, Y., & Lai, P. X. (2019). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Leonurus pseudomacranthus Kitag, Rec. Nat. Prod., 13, 91-95.

Mclafferty, F.W., & Stauffer, D.B. (1989). The Willey/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Mshana, N.R., Abbiw, K., Addae-Mensah, I., Adjanohoun, E., Ahyi, M.R.A., Ekpere,, J.A., Enow-Orock, E.G., Gbile, Z.O., Noamesi, G.K., Odei, M.A., Odunlami, H, Oteng-Yeboah, A.A., Sarpong, K, Soforowa, A, & Tackie, A.N. (2000). Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia. Contribution to the Revision of Ethnobotanical and Floristic Studies in Ghana. Accra: Organization of African Unity/Scientific. Technical & Research Commision, pp. 676–677. 618.

Nada, B., Elma, V., Valerija, D, Mirko, R., Ivica, B., & Franko, B. (2011). Antiphytoviral Activity of Sesquiterpene-Rich Essential Oils from Four Croatian Teucrium Species. Molecules, 16, 8119-8129; doi:10.3390/molecules16098119.

Okpala, E.O, Oloyede, G.K., & Onocha, P. A. (2019). Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential oil of Euphorbia graminea JACQ from Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 50-54.

Oloyede, G.K., Onocha, P.A., & Abimbade, S.F. (2011). Chemical Composition, Toxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Dieffenbachia picta (Araceae). European Journal of Scientific Research, 49(4), 567-580.

Onocha, P.A., Oloyede, G.K., & Bamkole, O.A. (2011). UV-Visible investigation of Antioxidant and Toxicity activities of Methanolic fractions of Acalypha hispida (Burn.f) Leaves. European Journal of Scientific Research, 49 (3), 322.

Oukerrou, M. A., Tilaoui, M., Mouse, H. A., Leouifoudi, A., Jaafari, I., & Zyad, A. (2017). Chemical composition and cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the essential oil of Aloysia citriodora palau grown in Morocco, Adv. Pharmacol. Sci., 7801924.

Potterat, O. (1997). Antioxidants and free Radical Scavenging of Natural Origin. Current Organic Chemistry, 1,415 - 440.

Quartey, A.K. (2014). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant constituents of the stem barks of Trichilia monadelpha (thronn) J.J. De Wilde and Trichilia tessmannii (harms) both of the family Meliaceae. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Chemistry to the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science And Technology, Kumasi, 90p.

Raghuveer, C., & Tandon, R.V. (2009). Consumption of functional Food and Our Health Concerns. Pak J Physiol., 5: 76-83.

Tawatsin, A., Thavara, U., & Chansang, U. (2006). Field evaluation of deet, Repel Care, and threeplant-based essential oil repellents against mosquitoes, blackflies (Diptera: Simulicidae), and land leeches (Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae) in Thailand. J Am Mosq Control Assoc., 22, 306-313.

Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., & Kaur, H. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction: A review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sci-encia, 1(1), 98-106.

Wintola O.A., Olajuyigbe, A.A., Afolayan, A.J, Coopoosamy, R.M., & Olajuyigbe, O.O. (2021). Chemical composition, antioxidant activities and antibacterial activities of essential oil from Erythrina caffra Thunb. growing in South Africa. Heliyon, 7, e07244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07244.

Woode, E., Amoh-Barimah, A.K., Abotsi, W.K.M., Ainooson, G.K., & Owusu, G. (2012). Analgesic effects of stem bark extracts of Trichiliamonadelpha (Thonn.) JJ de Wilde, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 44 (6), 765 – 773




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.687-692

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Oluwakayode Olubunmi Odeja, Patricia A. Onocha, Ganiyat Kehinde Oloyede, Damola Ayoyerokun, Micheal Gabriel Ibok, Ejike Onwudiegwu Okpala



Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) - ISSN 2540-9328 (online)
Published by Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity.

CC BY NC
This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC