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Bioassay Evaluation Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Total Flavonoid Content in Blumea balsamifera Leaves under Different Environmental Conditions
Abstract
Blumea balsamifera is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and known for its bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. This study evaluated the effect of different environmental conditions on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of B. balsamifera leaf extracts collected from coastal (PB-1; 25 m asl) and non-coastal areas (AG-1; 108 m asl) in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Leaf extracts were prepared by methanol maceration. TPC and TFC were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results showed that AG-1 had higher TPC and TFC values, reaching 237.9 mg GAE/g extract and 35.89 mg QE/g extract, respectively, whereas PB-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 6.839 µg/mL. Environmental analysis indicated that AG-1 had higher light intensity and near-neutral soil pH, while PB-1 had more acidic soil conditions. These findings indicate that environmental factors influence secondary metabolite accumulation and antioxidant activity in B. balsamifera. Non-coastal environments promoted higher phenolic and flavonoid accumulation, whereas coastal environments enhanced antioxidant activity.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1951-1959
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